Useful things

Some things I thought might be useful.

I had a long conversation with some secondary school students about life, school and O-Levels. Writing it up afterwards, I realised a lot of it might be useful to more people. So here it is.

About 18 minutes, or 4 on Skim Tick what lands, it saves on this device Read in any order

You definitely don't have to agree with everything here. These are things I've learnt, experienced or thought about along the way. Take what's useful, leave the rest.

Personal and life stuff

Part one

The parts of growing up that nobody puts on a syllabus.

1 / 10

Believe in yourself first

As you grow older, not everybody is going to like you. Some people might dislike the way you talk, think you talk too much, disagree with the things you say, exclude you, or say things about you behind your back.

You cannot completely control that. What you can control is how much you trust yourself, and whether you know your own self-worth.

A friend gave me a funny example. If somebody calls you fat but you genuinely don't believe you're fat, the comment doesn't mean much. If you already believe it yourself, the same comment suddenly hits much harder.

Don't let other people completely determine how you see yourself.

Know what you stand for.

Acknowledge when you make mistakes.

Improve yourself when you need to.

And at the same time, trust yourself and recognise your own worth.

2 / 10

It's okay to be different

You don't always have to follow whatever society considers the "normal" path.

Singapore is a very developed, very structured place. When you're still in school it can feel like everything revolves around academics: your grades, your stream, your school, your O-Level score, which JC or poly you enter, which university you eventually go to.

Academics are important, and you should still try your best. But your results are not your entire identity.

Different environments shape people differently. Someone from one secondary school has completely different experiences from someone at another. Someone who goes to JC develops differently from someone who goes to poly. Someone studying engineering lives a completely different life from someone studying performing arts. That's completely fine.

There isn't only one correct way to grow up.

3 / 10

Try things that aren't "normal"

If there's something you genuinely want to try, try it.

Pick the three you'd actually try

No one's marking this. Just notice which ones you reach for.

Maybe you want to do something completely different from what people around you expect. I have a friend, Lucas, who's studying musical theatre. That's quite far from what most Singaporean students imagine as the conventional pathway, and that's exactly the point.

You don't have to do something because everyone else is doing it. And you don't have to avoid something because nobody around you is doing it.

When we're young we have a lot of room to experiment. Try something. Fail. Realise you don't like it. Try something else. That's growing up.

4 / 10

Take calculated risks

Trying new things doesn't mean becoming reckless. Push yourself outside your comfort zone, but understand what you're getting into.

Sometimes you should take the opportunity. Sometimes you should play it safe. Sometimes you have to play it by ear: see how the situation develops, understand the people and environment around you, and navigate carefully from there.

Don't blindly jump into everything. But don't become so afraid of uncertainty that you never try anything either.

5 / 10

Have a compass

You don't need your entire life planned out at 15, 16, 17, 18, or even 20. Most people don't. But it helps to have some kind of compass. Not a fixed destination. Just a general direction.

Compass check

Answer honestly for the last few months.

If most of those are yes, you're probably moving somewhere worthwhile.

Your direction can change. Your interests can change. Your plans can change. That's okay. The important thing is that you keep growing.

6 / 10

Take opportunities

  • Scholarships
  • Overseas programmes
  • Internships
  • Networking events
  • Competitions
  • Hackathons
  • Volunteering
  • Random projects

If something looks interesting and you qualify for it, apply first. You don't have to feel 100% prepared.

Sometimes you'll look at an opportunity and think "there's no way I'll get this." Apply anyway. The worst that normally happens is they say no. And if they say yes, you might end up experiencing something you never expected.

A lot of opportunities happen simply because somebody was willing to put their name forward.

You miss every opportunity you never apply for.

7 / 10

Volunteering

Don't volunteer only because you want another certificate. Certificates and portfolios are useful, especially when you're applying for things. But try to actually care about what you're doing too.

Sometimes the event isn't organised perfectly. Sometimes the person running the project isn't very good. Sometimes things go wrong, and you wonder why you're there. Make the best of what you have.

If you genuinely helped somebody, contributed something useful or learnt something, that matters more than another line on your portfolio.

8 / 10

Push your social boundaries

Being willing to be slightly uncomfortable socially can take you surprisingly far.

Talk to somebody new.

Start a conversation.

Ask a question.

Introduce yourself.

Do something slightly outside what you'd normally do.

A lot of opportunities come through people. One random conversation leads to another, which leads to an opportunity you would never have found otherwise.

You don't have to become extremely extroverted. Just don't let nervousness automatically stop you from talking to people.

9 / 10

Be careful with what you say

Self-confidence doesn't mean saying absolutely anything without consequences. Be conscious of how you speak to people, and especially careful about what you put online.

Something you post as a joke at 15 or 16 can still exist years later when you're applying for scholarships, university, internships, jobs or leadership roles.

There is a difference between being outspoken and being unnecessarily offensive. Think before you post. Your digital footprint lasts longer than you expect.

10 / 10

Nobody says "good job" enough

One thing I've realised growing up is that people our age don't tell each other "good job" nearly enough. Everybody is struggling with their own things, and nobody stops to acknowledge the effort another person is putting in.

So say it. To your friends, to your classmates, to yourself. It costs nothing and people remember it.

O-Level and exam stuff

Part two

If you're taking O-Levels, or dealing with exams in general, some of this might help.

1 / 16

Everybody studies differently

  • Mind maps
  • Flowcharts
  • Diagrams
  • Handwritten notes
  • Flashcards
  • Practice papers
  • Teaching it to someone
  • Watching videos
  • Listening to explanations

Find out what actually makes information stick in your brain, instead of blindly copying somebody else's method.

2 / 16

Where are you in the timeline?

The advice changes depending on how far you are from your written papers.

When do your written papers start?

Pick a date and I'll tell you which phase you're in.

More than a month out: heavy practice
  • TYS questions
  • School prelim papers
  • Other schools' papers
  • Timed practices
  • Topical practices
Final month: go back through it
  • Look through your mistakes, find patterns
  • Revise theory, rewrite weak notes
  • Redo questions you couldn't answer
  • Book consultations while you still can

More than a month out is your heavier practice period. But every time you get something wrong, don't just look at the answer and move on. Ask yourself why (the next section is exactly that).

Around the final month, you should ideally already have done a lot of practice. Instead of endlessly doing completely new papers, spend more time going back through what you've already done. If you keep getting the same type of question wrong, that's where to focus.

Doing 20 papers without understanding your mistakes can be less useful than doing 10 papers properly and learning from every one.

That doesn't mean you're banned from TYS in the final month. It just means: don't confuse doing endless papers with actually learning from them.

3 / 16

Why did I get this wrong?

Every wrong answer has a reason, and the reasons need different fixes. That distinction matters.

Got one wrong? Tap the reason

4 / 16

MCQ

Don't panic because you've answered A five times in a row. There's no rule saying the answers must be perfectly distributed between A, B, C and D.

If your working tells you the answer is A, choose A. Don't change it because "eh, how come so many A?"

Use elimination when possible and concentrate on the actual question, not the examiner's answer pattern.

5 / 16

Practical exams

Read the question carefully. Practical questions contain very specific instructions and keywords. Before rushing into the experiment, understand:

  • What are they asking you to investigate?
  • What are you changing?
  • What are you measuring?
  • What variables need to be controlled?
  • What exactly needs to be recorded?

A lot of marks disappear because somebody misunderstood one instruction.

Which subjects are you taking?

Pick yours and the rest hide. Leave it blank to see everything.

6 / 16

Social Studies

A big part of Social Studies is knowing how to answer the question. Know your answering structures, and what each question type wants from you.

  • Evidence
  • Explanation
  • Comparison
  • Inference
  • Purpose
  • Reliability

Don't memorise formats mechanically. You still need to apply the source and answer the actual question.

7 / 16

Geography

Unfortunately, Geography has a lot of content. You need to know your key processes, examples, locations, diagrams, geographical concepts and case studies.

For anything involving processes, diagrams and flowcharts are often easier to remember than giant paragraphs. For specific factual examples, learn a manageable set properly rather than trying to memorise absolutely everything.

If something requires factual knowledge, don't invent it.

8 / 16

POA / Accounting

Practise the calculations until the procedures become almost automatic. Balancing accounts gets much easier once you've done it enough times.

But don't ignore theory. People focus so much on calculations that they lose marks on definitions and explanations.

Make short notes for definitions, principles, accounting concepts and common explanation questions. Revise them repeatedly.

9 / 16

Mathematics / A-Math

Math is mainly about understanding the method, then practising enough that you recognise when to use it.

  • Formulas
  • Algebra
  • Graphs
  • Integers
  • Basic arithmetic
  • Which method fits which question
  • Your calculator, properly

You can understand an entire difficult question and still lose marks because of one negative sign.

Practise until the processes are familiar, instead of memorising solutions question by question.

10 / 16

English

For essays, I liked argumentative writing because you can take a clear position and defend it logically. But choose the essay type you're strongest at.

For argumentative writing, one paragraph can run:

PointthenExplainthenExamplethenLink back

You don't need sophisticated vocabulary in every sentence. Being clear and convincing matters more.

About statistics and examples. Don't invent statistics and pretend they came from The Straits Times, WHO or The New York Times. You normally don't need an exact number to be convincing. If you don't remember the source or figure, make a reasonable general argument instead.

Instead of"According to The Straits Times, 63% of Singaporean teenagers suffer from..."
Try"Many teenagers experience academic pressure because of expectations surrounding examinations and future education."

For subjects involving real dates, events or facts, don't invent those either. Facts are facts. Interpretation gives you more freedom.

Comprehension. Read the passage once to understand the overall story or argument. Then look at the questions and return to the relevant sections. Highlight important words and identify which paragraph each question points to.

  • "in your own words"
  • "explain"
  • "identify"
  • "give two reasons"
  • "according to the passage"

Those words tell you what the examiner actually wants. Don't reread the passage so many times that you run out of answering time.

11 / 16

Physics

Physics gets much easier when you're comfortable with the maths. Know your formulas, but more importantly understand what each variable means, the correct units, when the formula applies, and how to rearrange it.

Write down your working. Even if the final answer is wrong, you can still get method marks.

12 / 16

Chemistry

Chemistry is a mixture of understanding and memorisation. For written questions especially, you need to explain why something happens, not just recognise keywords.

What happensthenWhy it happensthenWhat you observe

Recognising an answer in your notes is very different from producing the explanation yourself in the exam. Practise explaining concepts in full sentences.

13 / 16

Use technology properly

There are far more study tools now. AI study tools and NotebookLM can turn your notes into summaries, quizzes, flashcards, practice questions, audio-style explanations and revision guides. Use them to help yourself understand things.

Don't blindly trust every answer an AI gives you. Your textbook, syllabus, teachers, official notes and marking schemes are still the source of truth.

14 / 16

The final stretch

The period before O-Levels can honestly be brutal. Your social life shrinks. You get tired. You study a lot without immediately seeing improvement. You might burn out occasionally. There will be days where you genuinely don't feel like doing anything.

That happens.

Don't interpret one bad day as your entire journey falling apart. Sleep properly. Eat properly. Take breaks. Then continue.

You don't need to destroy yourself to prove you're working hard. Improvement often doesn't feel obvious while you're studying. Sometimes you only see it when the grades come back.

And once your papers finish, you suddenly have a few months to breathe, go out and enjoy yourself. So work hard now. But don't get so focused on grades that you forget to actually experience life.

15 / 16

Ask your teachers

Consultations are free and they disappear the moment papers start. Bring the questions you couldn't do, not a vague "I don't understand this topic."

Book consultations while you still can.

16 / 16

Life continues after that piece of paper

Whatever number comes back, it is one input into what happens next, not the whole story. JC, poly, ITE, a gap, a different route: people from every one of those end up somewhere good.

Do your best. Then let the result be a result, not a verdict on you.

One last thing

I don't know exactly what your life is going to look like over the next few years, and I definitely don't have everything figured out either. But if there's one thing I'd say, it's this:

Keep your curiosity. Try random things. Take opportunities when they appear. Take calculated risks. Push yourself a little outside your comfort zone.

But stay aware of your surroundings, understand the consequences of what you're doing, and know when to play it safe.

You don't need to follow everybody else's path. You just need some kind of compass telling you that you're still growing, learning, exploring and becoming someone you're proud of.

And don't get so focused on grades, your portfolio or whatever comes next that you forget to actually live your life along the way.

If you ever need somebody to ask something, rant to, get advice from, or just get a bit of encouragement from, you can message me.

Good job for making it this far.

If you're taking O-Levels, good luck. Do your best. Take care of yourself. Try new things. And whatever happens, life continues after that piece of paper.

Message Isaac